Should Daily Fantasy Sports Games Be Considered Forms Of...

Should Daily Fantasy Sports Games Be Considered Forms of Gambling? Approximately 80% of Americans gamble at least once per year, in the amount of approximately $500 billion in 2013 (Aziz). Gambling has long held a tradition in America and is now becoming a ubiquitous industry. In recent years, as the gambling industry evolves with technological advancements, the growth of online sports wagering has created widespread concerns beyond those of traditional casino gambling. Legality of real sports betting, which includes betting on actual teams, players, or scores, is determined at the state level, with only four states (Delaware, Montana, Nevada, and Oregon) deciding it is legal to gamble on real life sports. However, online daily†¦show more content†¦In contrast, a game of skill is a game where the outcome is determined by the â€Å"a learned and developed ability, technical expertise, and knowledge† (LaMance). Games of skill are determined by mental or physical ab ilities that affect the outcome. If determined to be games of chance, all forms of fantasy sports games would become illegal in all states except Delaware, Montana, Nevada, and Oregon. It is necessary, before determining whether DFS games are games of chance or games of skill, to investigate how these online fantasy sports websites operate. DFS games allow fantasy â€Å"owners† to choose specific athletes based on their prediction of the performance of those athletes. The fantasy owners then compete against other owners in leagues, with the winners receiving monetary winnings. Each owner’s athletes accumulate points based on the athletes’ in-game performances. The owner of the team that has the most points by the end of the league, whether it be a day, week, or season competition, takes home the winnings. These winnings can be used to enter into new leagues or be deposited in the owner’s bank account. After one analyzes how online DFS games work, one can see that online fantasy sports websites are

Explain The Benefits Of Teaching Problem Solving Math

Explain the benefits of teaching problem solving math. It is important to teach or at least try to teach students problem solving related to math. Problem solving plays a big part in the math process. Teaching problem solving is beneficial to students because helps the students find solutions when struggling. It helps math to be more interesting and less stressful. Students see math with less negative reaction and more hope. Problem solving helps and improves student’s ability to think, solve, and find solutions. It is important for students to have the ability to have problem solving skills and this is what it teaches the students. Ultimately, problem solving helps students focus increase and learn what works best for them. Then choose three examples from the problem solving activities. There are many different types of problem solving activities that can be used in the classroom. However, it depends on the grade and the student that the activity would have a successful outcome. The following are problem solving activities that help students at an early stage in their math learning journey. Once they become comfortable with using different methods to solve problems, they can focus on actually trying to do the work. 1. Finger Addition: This activity is simple and fun. Students can use it and don’t have to worry about not been able to write or getting confused. Finger counting has been around for years, however, some teachers have not practice it because it looksShow MoreRelatedProcedural Lessons: Children and Mathematics1460 Words   |  6 PagesMathematics has become a very large part of society today. From the moment children learn the basic principles of math to the day those children become working members of society, everyone has used mathematics at one point in their life. The crucial time for learning mathematics is during the childhood years when the concepts and principles of mathematics can be processed more easily. However, this time in life is also when the point in a person’s life where information has to be broken down to theRead MoreThe Classroom, Stereotypes About Mathematics Abound1576 Words   |  7 Pagesmathematics abound. â€Å"Boys are better at math than girls† or â€Å"most people are not that good at math; therefore it is no big deal if I am not† are just a few of the common attitudes that teachers must be aware of and combat as to not allow them to become self-fulfilling prophecies for their students. BLA BLA BLA THIS IS INTRO HERE Mathematical Foundations It is imperative that learners have a rich understanding of numerical concepts. Many of the later math disciplines and skills that students willRead MoreElementary Methods : Teaching Mathematics5785 Words   |  24 PagesElementary Methods Unit 4: Teaching Mathematics Summary: With the implementation of Common Core, there is a misconception that students are learning ?new math.? However, students are not learning new concepts, just a new way of thinking about those concepts. In this unit, you will explore some effective instructional strategies and approaches to teaching students, way to get them to think mathematically, how to bridge the gap between concrete and abstract and incorporate technology to allow forRead MoreInstructional Sequence Is Useful For Teachers Of Secondary Mathematics Learners1485 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresentational-abstract (or CRA), is a strategy for teaching that benefits struggling students in many ways. Mathematics is a daunting subject to many secondary learners and it is common for students to struggle in math classes. Moreover, this subject may come especially difficult for students who have a learning disability. For this reason, teachers need to be able to adapt their teaching to reach all students and must have knowledge of many different and effective teaching strategies. General instructional sequenceRead MoreEssay About A Lesson701 Words   |  3 Pagespriorities outlined in the Australian Curriculum. Furthermore, the report explores three best teaching practices commonly used in the classroom and examines the benefits to students learning. Finally, a detailed lesson outline will be created. The first lesson (Christie) observes Christie Kawalsky at Saint Albans East Primary School teaching fractions to a Year 3/4 class (Australian Institute for Teaching and School Leadership [AITSL] (Producer), n.d.-a). Christie demonstrates how teachers use concreteRead MoreEssay on Important Aspects of Teaching Mathematics1429 Words   |  6 PagesTeaching mathematics has evolved from the traditional instrumentalist view where the focus is on knowledge mathematical facts, rules and methods as independent concepts, to the more contemporary constructivist approach which focuses on building on prior knowledge and experiences incorporating mathematical facts, rules and methods to problem solve and investigate new mathematical concepts. This will in turn, enable students to apply concepts in real life situations. Teaching thematically is an approachRead MoreMathematical Problem Solving And English Language Learners2026 Words   |  9 PagesInto This literature synthesis focuses on mathematical problem solving and English language learners. In the United States public schools, the student population of ELLs is over five million students in grades Kindergarten through twelfth grade (Orosco, Swanson, O’Connor Lussier 2011). Many different factors apply to the challenges English language learners have in an English proficient classroom. Educators have made misconceptions that mathematics is a culturally fair-minded subject becauseRead MoreNctm Worksheet Essay672 Words   |  3 Pagescurriculum. | | | | | |3 |Teaching |To be an efficient teacher, you must be able to understand now only what the students know, but what they need to learn. A successful teacher must be able to challenge | | | |the student while supporting them throughRead More Math Research Paper1452 Words   |  6 PagesMath Research Paper Since the 1980’s calculator use in the classroom has been a huge controversy between educators (Golden, 2000). It is becoming increasingly common to use calculators in the classroom on a regular basis. Some states allow students to use calculators on standardized tests and as part of the regular curriculum (Dion, 2001). Because we live in such a technologically changing world, hand held calculators have been far surpassed and can be purchased for as low as $4.00 each. ThisRead MoreMath Class At The United States1756 Words   |  8 PagesThe math class meets Monday through Friday from 12:30 pm - 2:00 pm. I did not have any prior direct experience in the math classroom, so this was relatively a new learning experience. Having done my schooling in Bangladesh, I have always wondered about the teaching process and the different instructional strategies of learning math in the United States. As I observed this particular math class as a part of my assignment, I not only had a great time but I had a better understanding of how math class

Establish and Conduct Business Relationship

Question: Discuss about the Establish and Conduct Business Relationship. Answer: Introduction: The funeral parlours is sometimes also known as the mortuary. The main function of the funeral parlous is to provide proper funeral services to the dead and its family member (Biong et al., 2015). The funeral homes provide service as per the wish of the family members of the dead. It has been found that the size of the parlous is not fit for the majority of the people. The size of the parlor is so small that even all the family members are unable to attend the funeral ceremony. On the other hand, it has been also seen that the parking is area is also very short and in the whole area there is no lights. Most of the old people face problem to walk in the dark areas. In the parking space, there are no guards or cameras to look and monitor the parking area. There is no protection for the visitors in the funeral parlour. Even the sign borders of that area are not properly arranged and moreover it becomes difficult for the people to understand it. Most of the visitors get confused to go in which way. The management is not at all serious about the service level, which they particularly deliver to the visitors in the funeral parlour. Organization: In every business organization communication plays the most important role (Bryman Bell, 2015). In most of the funeral parlous, it has been found that there is huge communication gap in between the staffs and its members. Due to the communication gap, the funeral parlour members are unable to provide proper services to the dead and its family members. The main responsibility of the funeral parlour member is to meet the exact requirements of the visitors. The whole working and operating system is not at all well organized. In order to run a business organization, it is mandatory to have sufficient staff members. The main responsibility of the staffs is to overall manage all activities in the funeral parlour (Claycomb Martin, 2013). Additionally, it has been also seen that there is not enough staff members. Therefore, it becomes quite difficult for the staff to manage time in a proper way. Due to ineffective time management, the staffs and the other members are unable to deliver proper services to the visitors. Wilson, (2014) commented that there is no supervisory to look after the overall management and the staffs. In the moutary, there are no such sitting arrangements for the family members of the dead. It becomes much difficult for the visitors to stand for the whole day and manage the funeral party. Additionally, inside the parlour there is no such space to enhance the sitting arrangement for the visitors. Food: The service level of the funeral parlour is very poor. The staffs and its members are unable to provide quality services to the family member of the dead. The food that the staff members cook is not at all hygienic. On the other hand, the quality of the food is also not that much satisfactory. Moreover, the members do not cook the food properly. Most of the family members of the dead complained that the staffs and the members not even properly serve the cooked food to the family members. Overall, the service quality and the functioning of the management are very poor. The food is not hygienic, as it is not cooked at proper temperature. The staff and the other members are so inefficient that they are not even able to distribute the food in a proper way. This somehow directly creates a wrong impression on the image of the funeral parlour among the clients. Future plan: It becomes quite difficult for the business owner to run the business, if they are unable to provide quality services to the visitors. In order to develop the overall service level and the functioning of the management, all the members and the staffs need to take effective responsibilities. At very first the funeral parlour management needs to change the security system as well as the parking areas. Moreover, the staffs need to focus on the organizational plans and work according to it. On the other hand, the staffs also need to build good relationship with the members who are attending the funeral ceremony. In order to enhance the level of services, the staffs and the other members need to deliver hygienic food for the family members (Mortensen, 2012). As per the new contract, the funeral parlour management is trying to provide good quality services to the family members of the dead. Through proper negotiation, the funeral parlour is mainly trying to develop the level of services to the visitors. This will additionally, help the parlour to maintain their image among the visitors. Association: The main objective of the funeral parlour is to deliver productive services to the individuals who are actually availing our services (Myers, 2013). Every year the funeral parlour creates almost 300,000dinners for the visitors. The value of the full dinner begins from $7.50. The working capacity of the staffs and the other respective members is very less. Due to this particular reason, they are unable to manage and balance all the activities and operation in the funeral parlour. There are some more complains about the utilization of correspondence ability it issues in view of less organized and additionally absence of our obligation. In this case, it has been found that the staffs are not at all capable of doing the work with efficiently. Contract: Right gear is the most critical in kitchen business, which mainly depends on the measure of the work primarily. All the business organizations are different from each other. Every business organizations have something unique in themselves (Wilkins, Colvard, Lipinsk, 2014). It becomes difficult for the business organization to grab the attention of the customers, if they do not sell something unique to the customers. The main motto of the business organization is to deliver high quality and satisfactory services to the customers (Wilson, 2014). There are several business organizations, which are famous for its service level, for example subways and KFC. Subway is famous for its fresh food. The companies always try to deliver fresh quality food to the customers at reasonable rate (White, 2013). On the other hand, KFC is famous for chicken. The company sells several kinds of chicken dishes to the customers at nominal price. In this case, the particular role of the funeral parlour is to deliver good services to the concerned party. It is the duty of the funeral parlour is to deliver good services, good quality food and other services to the visitors within right time. The funeral parlour also provides morning and afternoon food. It also provides evening tea as well as alcohol. Due to some, complain the contract has been canceled. The funeral parlour management has got several complain from the visitors which cannot be neglected at all. Kitchen: The funeral parlour does not provide proper nourishment to the family members of the dead. The main complain of the visitors is regarding the cooked food. It has been found that the concerned party also complains about the food and its cooking temperature. Most of the visitors have complained the food is being not cooked in appropriate temperature as it actual required. The food quality, which they deliver to the client, is not at all hygienic. The funeral parlour has 20-plate broiler with 10-plate stove. The funeral parlour mainly cooks the food at low temperature. Reference list: Biong, H., Kidwell, R. E., Nygaard, A., Silkoset, R. (2015). Leading by example; Values-based strategy to instill ethical conduct). Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Claycomb, C., Martin, C. L. (2013). Building customer relationships: an inventory of service providers objectives and practices.Journal of Services Marketing. Mortensen, M. H. (2012). Understanding attractiveness in business relationshipsA complete literature review.Industrial Marketing Management,41(8), 1206-1218. Myers, M. D. (2013).Qualitative research in business and management. Sage. Shaw, W. H., Barry, V. (2015).Moral issues in business. Cengage Learning. Stanwick, P., Stanwick, S. D. (2013).Understanding business ethics. Sage. White, J. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,613,121. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Wilkins, A. M., Colvard, R., Lipinski, J. (2014). Does your company have this document? All organizations should have an employee code of conduct.Strategic Finance,96(1), 35-40. Wilson, J. (2014).Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project. Sage.

Product and Innovation Management of Nokia

Introduction As competition in the markets intensifies and the consumers become increasingly sophisticated and selective in their consumption behaviors, companies have no option than to improve their innovation strategies and management techniques (Duncombe 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Product and Innovation Management of Nokia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Companies are nowadays seeking new ways to enhance the characteristics of their products to make them more appealing to the consumers. The Wall Street Journal reveals that mobile phone companies are some of the major industries that have witnessed remarkable growth in innovation (Gecevska, Chiabert, and Lombardi Cus 2010). As a multinational communications company, Nokia has improved its product innovation and is continually producing products that attract the consumers in the telecommunication industry. With its focus nowadays turned to the manu facturing of smartphones, Nokia has set its aims at ensuring that the company uses modern technologies (Kirshin 2014). This paper examines the market performance of the Nokia Lumia smartphones and explains the reasons for their outstanding performance. Overview of Nokia Lumia Smartphones One of the technological wonders that surprised the consumers of the 21st century was the integration of hi-tech operating systems into the mobile phones (Cagan Vogel 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After being superior in the business of computer technology for quite sometime, Microsoft Corporation collaborated with Nokia Corporation and entered the smartphone market (Anwar 2014). Nokia Corporation managed to introduce a new form of mobile technology that uses Windows 8.1 operating system rather than Android. Smartphones, being the trend and the most popular among communication tech nologies, have spurred a new wave of anxiety among the majority of the youngsters, which means investing in them is a worthy idea nowadays. Since 2013, Nokia Corporation has been radical in its innovation that has resulted in the development of the Nokia Lumia 435, Nokia Lumia 730, Nokia Lumia 535, Nokia Lumia 620, Nokia Lumia 830, Nokia Lumia 520, and now the Nokia Lumia 920. Smartphones are small laptops that people have found reliable and convenient in their communication, use, and maintenance (Grieves 2009). What makes the Lumia smartphones amazing is that they offer a new platform that includes the use of the innovated Windows operating system. Nokia and Microsoft experts have integrated mobile firmware that allows handset users to install and uninstall Windows mobile apps, access the Internet with ease, and surf there with the fastest speed (Kirshin 2014). The Nokia Lumia smartphones come in varieties of different colors, and consumers can choose the color they prefer, within the available range of colors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Product and Innovation Management of Nokia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The powerful high definition front and back cameras allow the smartphone users to take photos of their colleagues, or take personal photos, which they can use for their social media activities (Hussein 2012). Global technological reports claim that Nokia Lumia smartphones are increasingly becoming popular and steadily dominate the Asian, African, and American markets. The Theory of Diffusion of Innovation Innovation is a realistic subject that began reshaping in its practice and literature back in the 1960s, when industrialization became a significant growth aspect for the modern towns (Bernard Tichkiewitch 2008). Towards the end of the 1960s, E.M. Rogers came up with an innovation theory known as the diffusion of innovation model. Born by a father who loved electromechanica l innovations, E.M Rogers got interested in understanding the process of the diffusion of innovation (Chigona Licker 2008). In 1962, Rogers published the theory of Diffusion of Innovation that had changed the modern perceptions about innovations. In his view, Rogers claims that there are five main categories of innovation adopters, as the process is pragmatic and with various sections of transformation (Webb 2000). Rogers presumes that in an innovation process, there are five major categories of adopters, which include innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and the laggards. The five main categories of adopters have unique definitions that are relative to their innovation roles. According to Rogers, innovators are the kind of people who initiate the innovation idea and invest in it regardless of its risky factors and other preliminary problems.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The early adopters are a group of people that represent the opinion leaders (Molla Licker 2005). These kinds of adopters often enjoy associating with leadership roles and embracing change opportunities. The third group of the adopters is the group of early majority, which is the group of people that needs to see substantial evidence that the innovation is really working for them to venture into the business of adopting or working with it (Chigona Licker 2008). The fourth group of people is the late majority, who are the kind of persons, skeptical about an innovative change and trying the innovation only when the majority population have tested it (Stark 2004). The last group of the adopters is the laggards group of individuals who are naturally conservative people. Unless highly persuaded, laggards can hardly adopt an innovation. With regard to such theoretical assumptions, most of the users of Windows handsets across the world have had their own opinions concerning the three mobi le phone operating systems (Rigby 2014). When Microsoft and Nokia merged efforts to produce the Nokia Lumia handsets, the first impression was that Microsoft was trying to regain its lost market dominance in the telecommunication industry (Rigby 2014). Nevertheless, the company has been very resilient about the criticisms that the two companies have failed to produce innovative smartphone designs that will influence the international mobile consumption trends. When they first announced their debut in 2011, after successful market trials, consumers had already familiarized with Android phones as well as iPhones (Rigby 2014). Creating a plan to enter the competitive market was a challenge for the investors of the Nokia Lumia smartphones. The initial process of venturing into these Windows mobile phones was tiring and challenging for these creative investors. While figuring out the billions of money that the companies were to invest and the amount that was to come as returns, the inves tors understood that there would be early adopters, the early majority consumers, the late majority consumers, and the laggards (Rigby 2014). To beat the market odds and maneuver with a new brand of smartphones, the Nokia Corporation and the Microsoft Corporation designed a strategic production and marketing strategy that has supported their continual survival in the handset business. The companies understood the need to incorporate the 4Ps marketing mix strategy to increase their market share and product revenues in the presence of the established Android smartphones and Apple iPhones. To provide an all-round strategic move, the Nokia Corporation and the Microsoft Company focused on the 4Ps (Von 2003). The 4Ps that formed the aims of production were the Product (Nokia Lumia smartphone), the Price (low pricing), the Promotion (strategic marketing), and the Place of distribution. With the 4Ps as their marketing strategy, high technological innovation and unique and user-friendly smar tphone design are some of the product development initiatives that Nokia Lumia began adopting. The pricing strategy of Nokia Lumia delved on the low pricing technique to win the business partners and new groups of consumers (Anwar 2014). Low pricing meant that the investors would sell more and earn low but regular profits. As their places of distribution, the Nokia Lumia marketers began targeting the most populated nations, such as China, Russia, and most of the Sub-Saharan Africa regions. These regions form the group of developing nations. These developing nations have a lot of late majority and the laggards groups of consumers and investors (Cooper Edgett 2009). These groups of people may have been skeptical about Androids and iPhones because Androids were relatively new and iPhones were extremely expensive. Such strategies have made Nokia Lumia suceed. The Current Market Performance of the Nokia Lumia Smartphones Nokia Corporation has generally been successful in the handset bus iness. In 2006, Nokia generated an income that for the first time in Finland’s history, seemed to be excess. Based on the assessment report of the Wall Street Journal, which is the leading business and innovation magazine, Nokia Lumia has been performing incredibly well as the demand for smartphones increases. In this $7.2 billion deal, Microsoft and Nokia Corporations have been ripping some extensive profits from the manufacturing and distribution of the Lumia windows smartphones (Fakhrutdinova, Fakhrutdinova, Kolesnikova, Yurieva 2015). The Nokia Lumia smartphones targeted the American smartphone markets, the Asian smartphone markets, and the African smartphone markets, which had been growing rapidly over the past five years (Fakhrutdinova et al. 2015). In a 2013 report about business innovation, it has appeared that Nokia possesses approximately 40% market dominance, with the Lumia smartphones contributing to about 16% in the increase of its market share. Perhaps, what re mains unknown to most of the consumers is that the Nokia Lumia phones have been increasing their market reputation in a steady process. The estimated profit returns are slowly regaining momentum and the process of dominating the major markets is on a gradual development (Fakhrutdinova et al 2015). Just before the end of two years after its launch, Microsoft’s quarterly financial report revealed that the Nokia Lumia smartphones had generated about $23.20 billion worth of profit. In the subsequent year on 23 August 2014, Microsoft announced a growth of its profit margin to approximately 26.5 billion, which was a 10% increase in the net profits (Fakhrutdinova et al 2015). In a separate financial report that Nokia released independently on 24 Oct 2014, Nokia Lumia smartphones had a sales record of $9.3 billion, even though the overall sales for Nokia phones had decreased by 14%. These statistics indicate an incredible performance of the Nokia Lumia smartphones. The above statisti cal facts stress the essence of the Nokia-Microsoft partnership in the smartphone business. It is important to consider that although majority of the ordinary consumers may not have the overall knowledge on how the Nokia Lumia smartphones have spurred a unique competition in the world of smartphones; the performance of the smartphone is incredible (Rigby 2014). The Nokia Lumia smartphones have blended well with the creatively designed windows-operating systems. The major sectors that may have caused an incredible market performance that has come within the shortest period of the investment are the management sectors, the production sectors, and the marketing departments (Fakhrutdinova et al 2015). The three sectors were important in the product development and distribution because there was innovation in the management, innovation in the production, and innovation in the marketing departments. The ability of Nokia and Microsoft to provide an enabling environment for the existence of the partnership was a noteworthy idea. Reasons for high Performance of Nokia Lumia Smartphones The success or failure of a certain tech product relies on several aspects of production, management, and marketing (Eisenhardt Martin 2000). With the changing market demands, the complex consumer behaviors, and the increasing market competition, the performance of technological products has to rely on the stability of the management, the suaveness of the marketers, and the design of the products (Garcia Calantone 2002). Core innovation strengths, strategic management techniques, and efficient marketing skills are some of the major performance determinants that determine the performance of tech products (De Wit Meyer 2010). Since its debut into the smartphone business in 2011, Nokia Corporation has developed several strategic moves to enable the telephone products to maneuver in the smartphone market. To make a sensational market dominance, the Nokia Corporation has enabled a smart str ategy that entails the strategic use of mobile designing technologies, the strategic planning of the management systems, and the strategic development of the marketing techniques that match the market demands. Innovation in the Product Designing An important factor that makes a mobile phone worthy and appealing to the modern consumers, who are nowadays very knowledgeable, is the techniques used in designing the phones (Eisenhardt Martin 2000). The innovation that Nokia Corporation has used in manufacturing of the Nokia Lumia smartphones is exceptional and outstanding. Nokia Lumia smartphones use the famous windows operating systems, although mostly the windows 8 operating system that has numerous tech features that are appealing to the phone users (Fakhrutdinova et al 2015). Although windows 8 operating system initially recorded a diminutive market performance in the computer technology, the operating system has boosted the selling of the Nokia Lumia smartphones. Nokia Lumia phones are 3G and 4G compatible, have powerful photo-sharing capabilities, and have features that enhance social media communication (Carlson, Walden Bowman 2006). Nokia Corporation collaborated with Google and Skype to allow consumers to enhance their access to social media communication in the Lumia smartphones. Nokia also collaborated with Yahoo Corporation to allow photo sharing through their Flicker service. Innovation in the Marketing Strategies The marketing technique of companies is one of the foremost determinants of the market performance for any new product that is seeking a quick market penetration (Roman 2003). Since the Nokia Corporation ventured into the smartphone business, the company designed radical marketing strategies that supported a market growth for the Nokia Lumia smartphones. Nokia Corporation designed a strategic market penetration approach that dwelled on the modern advertising platforms to maneuver (Grieves 2009). As Anwar (2014) claims, the company used the advantage of the growing influence of the digital televisions, the social media platforms, and the unique printed media. Concerning the strategic use of social media, Nokia Corporation implemented attractive mobile photos, effective product description techniques, and an easy communication to attract consumers in Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace (Anwar 2014). The Microsoft-Nokia alliance opened an online marketing website, attractive facebook pages, and several tweeting platforms that constantly updated the users about the new Lumia arrivals. Digital televisions also played a vital role in advertising Lumia Smartphones. Innovation in the Pricing of the Phones One of the elements that can make a product in the telecommunication industry to permeate into the market and gain an incredible performance is the idea of strategic pricing (Bailur 2006). While launching the Microsoft-Nokia partnership of manufacturing and distributing the Nokia Lumia smartphones, Nokia Corporation knew the esse nce of using a strategic pricing plan that would enable an easy market penetration. When Nokia merged with Microsoft to develop the Lumia smartphones, the companies agreed on the high-production, low-pricing strategy as their market entry strategy (Anwar 2014). To compete effectively with the Iphone and the android smartphones, Nokia Corporation endorsed a marketing strategy that concentrated with the low-pricing approach. Even for the first-time buyers who admired the smartphones, Nokia sold its Nokia Lumia phones at as low as $200 (Rigby 2014). The focus of Nokia Corporation concerning the pricing of the Nokia Lumia smartphones has been persistent with the issues of regional assessment of the markets and production of affordable smartphones. Proper Financing of the Product Financial stability of a company in the marketing and promotion of a recently launched product is a crucial success factor that determines the performance of a product (Gorski 2003). When Nokia ventured into the business of manufacturing and distributing smartphones, the partnership deal with Microsoft considered the essence of financial stability in the production process. Since the year 2013, Microsoft has been offering Nokia with financial backing to support the mass production of cheap smartphones (Hussein 2012). Such an innovative financial strategy assisted the Nokia Corporation to regain market momentum within the large markets like China, Russia, and America. Recently, Microsoft Company has produced an extra of 2.3 billion to support Nokia Corporation to develop low-end Nokia Lumia smartphones (Anwar 2014). Despite Iphones and Androids having significant market dominance, adequate financing of the Nokia Lumia project has made the Nokia Corporation to expand their market share in Africa, Asia, and parts of America. Innovation in the Service Sector Nokia, being a leading brand in the telecommunication industry, understood the need to improve the customer service while marketing its N okia Lumia smartphones across the nations. According to Fakhrutdinova et al. (2015), the first service innovation that Nokia thought was essential, was the incorporation of the physical customer care services where consumers could send complaints about the phones, receive an instant assistance on technical problems, and fix the problems associated with the windows mobile-phone operating systems. In each of the countries that Nokia invested in the marketing of its smartphone products, there were strategic physical offices that consumers could send inquiries concerning the operations of the phones and the challenges that pertained to the performance of the Lumia smartphones (Fakhrutdinova et al. 2015). Although the Nokia Lumia smartphones needed the physical offices from the Nokia Corporation to enhance their customer care, the phones already had user-friendly interfaces that supported easy phone operations. Such strategic moves made Nokia to perform incredibly fair in the competitive smartphone market. Innovation in the Management Sector One of the important factors that support radical innovation is an efficient strategic management (Aspara, Lamberg, Laukia, Tikkanen 2011). The theory of Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) states that when innovation is in progress, there is a group of people known as the innovators (Hofstede 2003). In Nokia Corporation and Microsoft Corporation, leaders were the innovators who were venturesome, opinionated, skilful and with creative ideas (Fakhrutdinova et al. 2015). Most of the leaders from the Microsoft team and from the Nokia Corporation were sure about their dedication and risk taking approaches towards the improvement of the Nokia Lumia ideas. The two companies found the best innovators who could strategically incorporate the features of windows 8 in the mobile phones (Sell, Mezei Walden 2014). The leaders also knew the importance of collaborating with giant Internet companies, such as Google and Yahoo, to incorporate their best features in the mobile phones. The leaders motivated aggressive research and development strategies that supported in the marketing of the phones. Conclusion The assumptions of Rogers concerning the Diffusion of Innovation are paramount in understanding the concepts of product development and management. The five forms of innovation adopters help companies design strategic marketing plans. Product innovation and management are two aspects of the commercial world that continue to pose concerns for the surviving businesses. The mobile phone industry is one of the principle sectors where innovation seems to influence product marketing, distribution, and performance. With a special attention given to the phones that come with computerized operating systems, innovation seems to affect the presence and performance of the modern smartphones. Nokia Lumia smartphones emerged through a partnership deal between Microsoft and Nokia Corporations. Despite the dominance of the Android smartph ones and the Apple smartphones, the windows-based Nokia Lumia smartphones are increasingly gaining prominence. This occurs because the two partners focused on understanding the 4Ps of marketing. Innovations in the product marketing, product pricing, and product management have been fantastic. References Anwar, M 2014, ‘Voice of Editors: Rationale to the Crisis of Nokia Smartphone Portfolio’, International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 122-124. Aspara, J, Lamberg, J, Laukia, A and Tikkanen, H 2011, ‘Strategic Management of business model transformation lessons from Nokia’, Management Decision, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 622-647. 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